不同氨基酸组合对真鲷(Chrysophrys major)诱食效果的研究

试验以真鲷为试验对象,采用迷宫法,以丙氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸作为诱食剂原料,经不同组合后测定其对真鲷的诱食效果。结果显示,甘氨酸+组氨酸的诱食效果最好,其各种组合的诱食效果依次为甘氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸>甘氨酸>组氨酸>丙氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+甘氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+精氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸。     

辣椒喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料效果试验

以辣椒为试材,喷施不同浓度青岛山姆生物科技有限公司生产的山姆含氨基酸水溶肥料,研究其对辣椒的生长状况及产量的影响.结果表明:喷施该肥料可以改善辣椒生物性状,增产显著,增收明显,回归分析得知,最佳喷施浓度为605倍.     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

Influence of time of harvest and maturity index on olive oil yield and quality

Harvesting plays a major role in the virgin olive oil production line, being the most expensive single component, but also due to its significant effect on the whole year's produce. Previous studies have focused on the effects of harvest timing on either oil yield or quality. Here we determined the separate and combined effects of harvesting date, fruit maturation, cultivar and fruit load on olive oil quality and quantity. Cultivars typical to the Middle East region were selected: the traditional cv. Souri and the newer cv. Barnea, grown under intensive conditions. The results demonstrate fundamental differences between the two cultivars with respect to harvest strategy. In high-yielding ‘Barnea’, oil accumulation continued throughout the ripening season resulting in increasing yield of oil with time while maintaining high quality. Hence, exploiting the production potential in ‘Barnea’ requires late harvest and advanced fruit maturity. However, in heavily loaded ‘Souri’, oil accumulation was accompanied by early massive shedding of fruits. Furthermore, late harvest and advanced maturation in ‘Souri’ were associated with a sharp increase in free fatty acids combined with a rapid decline in polyphenol content, and in MUFA to PUFA and saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratios, all resulting in loss of oil quality. Rapid decline in oil yield coupled with deterioration of oil quality call for early harvesting at low maturity index in ‘Souri’. In medium-yielding trees of both cultivars, maturation progressed more rapidly, resulting in earlier harvest to utilize optimal oil potential.     

Changes in chemical composition of Phoenix canariensis Hort. Ex Chabaud palm seed oil during the ripening process

The aim of this investigation is to compare the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of Phoenix canariensis seed oil at different stages of seed date ripening. It was demonstrated that the saponification number of the oil increases during the maturation from 179.24 to 191.28 (mg KOH/g of oil), whereas the seed oil yield, the iodine number, the p-anisidine value, the peroxide value, the acidity and the unsaponifiable matter decrease from 14.73% to 10.36%, from 89.37 to 76.66 (g/100 g of oil), from 5.51 to 3.67, from 17.66 to 3.62 (mequiv. O₂/kg of oil), from 1.49% to 0.59% and from 2.72% to 1.77%, respectively. The tocol content increases as the maturity advanced. The percentages of sterols show continuous changes during ripening. The saturated fatty acid content increases throughout the ripening process. The oleic fatty acid content decreases during the seeds maturation, but increases at the end, whereas linoleic acid content initially shows an increase, and then a decrease. The total phosphorus content decreases during the period of ripening. The three samples of the seed oil show a high kinetic stability during the heating and cooling, as characterised by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC curves reveal an increase in the melting point from −7.73 °C to 3.71 °C but the melting enthalpy remains the same, 62.06 J/g, during the ripening of the dates.     

杨树膜脂脂肪酸和磷脂的组成与抗寒性的关系

对一年生草本植物小麦、水稻、玉米等从生物膜膜脂的组成和配比的角度来探讨抗寒机理已有很多的报告,对多年生木本植物的研究还不很多。以前的研究结果大部分都支持了脂肪酸不饱和度与抗寒性的相关性,但各种植物也不尽相同,甚至有一些相反的结论。为了比较杨树耐寒品种和不耐寒品种在化学和生理特性上的差别,本研究用现代仪器分析方法测定了耐寒欧美杨(45杨)和不耐寒美洲黑杨(69杨)的膜脂总脂肪酸、磷脂组分的配比和总磷脂含量,为判别杨树无性系新品种的抗寒能力提供了依据。     

不同提取方式下塔拉籽油提取率及其相关性质的研究

采用不同提取方式对塔拉籽油提取率、理化指标、脂肪酸构成进行测定的结果表明:在索氏、超声、超临界3种提取方式中,超临界在塔拉籽油的提取率和脱酸方面表现最好,相关理化指标的表现也较好;塔拉籽油脂含有棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、二十二碳酸等8种脂肪酸,不同提取方式对脂肪酸构成及含量无明显影响,超临界为塔拉籽油最优提取方式。     

Variation in combined fatty acid and sterol profiles of Ascocoryne,Nectria, and Neobulgaria-strains isolated from Norway spruce

The diversity of Ascocoryne cylichnium, Nectria fuckeliana and Neobulgaria premnophila isolates expressed as variation in their fatty acid and sterol composition was investigated. Despite high within-species variation, distinct differences in the fatty acid and sterol composition between species were evident.     

油茶油脂的生物合成及调控基因的特性

茶油在种子内主要以油体形式存在,因而油体蛋白的数量与种类决定了油体的数量与特性,在长期进化中油体蛋白基因失去了内含子,可促进油体蛋白的快速表达.茶油生物合成过程中涉及了大量酶与蛋白质的参与,其中丙二酸单酰C oA决定了饱和脂肪酸的合成速度;硬脂酰ACP脱饱和酶直接控制不饱和脂肪酸的含量;油酸脱饱和酶控制多不饱和脂肪酸的含量与种类.还需克隆相关基因的全长cDNA,并通过分子生物学技术确定这些基因的功能与调控机理.     

速生杨二步超低酸水解液发酵制取燃料乙醇的研究

以速生杨二步超低酸水解方法获得的水解液为原料,在28℃、100 r/min等发酵条件下,选择热带假丝酵母(C.2.637)和酿酒酵母(S.2.699)分别对第一步和第二步水解液进行了发酵制取燃料乙醇的研究,并考查了Ca(OH)2中和、过中和、活性炭吸附等预处理方法及菌种预适应驯化对乙醇转化率的影响。结果表明:热带假丝酵母能够更好地利用第一步水解液生成菌体,适合生产单细胞蛋白;菌种驯化后发酵速度和乙醇转化率均有提高,尤其是以酿酒酵母发酵第二步水解液,乙醇转化率由14.45%增至39.37%;Ca(OH)2过中和的方法处理后的水解液,乙醇转化率有所增加;以五碳糖为主同时含有六碳糖的速生杨第一步水解液,假丝酵母发酵产乙醇的效果好于酿酒酵母。